Key Goals Of The Millennium Development Goals - 1403 Words

Significance As the period for reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) comes to a close, assessing not only the goals that have been met, but also the reasons behind why some goals were not reached is of utmost importance for moving forward in development. MDG 1 aimed to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, with the target to halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger and reduce the prevalence of malnutrition, between 1990-2015. Nutritional state during childhood is important because proper nutrition has been correlated with higher cognitive performance in school and greater success in the labor market as an adult, compared to those who were undernourished.1 Additionally, female children who are undernourished later have higher maternal mortality rates and are more likely to give birth to low-birth weight infants, continuing the cycle of poverty and undernutrition.1 Moderate malnutrition in children also increases their risk of mortality and can lead to severe malnutrition, which can be life-threatening. Poor nutrition is directly or indirectly attributed to 52.5-60% of deaths among children under 5.1,2 Malnutrition, then, can also be seen as an indicator of MDG 4, reducing child mortality. The World Health Organization recommends the countries place the management of moderate malnutrition as a public health priority.3 Potential determinants†¦ what other research says This study aimed to define and quantify the determinants of malnutrition amongShow MoreRelatedIs The Best Method For Development Sustainable Development Goals?1490 Words   |  6 Pagespaper pertains to the notion that the best method for development is to set clear, measurable goals such as the Millennium Development Goals. In particular, I will first discuss the arguments supporting and questioning this assertion from a number of authors. I will then consider the question of whether or not this model should be replicated for the next generation of efforts, which are starting to become known as the Sustainable Development Goals. Overall, I will argue that, while it is true that thereRead MoreIs The Best Method For Development Sustainable Development Goals?855 Words   |  4 Pagespaper pertains to the notion that the best method for development is to set clear, measurable goals such as the Millennium Development Goals. In part icular, I will first discuss the arguments supporting and questioning this assertion from a number of authors. I will then consider the question of whether or not this model should be replicated for the next generation of efforts, which are starting to become known as the Sustainable Development Goals. Overall, I will argue that, while it is true that thereRead MoreIndicators of of Progress and Development950 Words   |  4 Pagesprosperity were accepted as key indicators of progress and development till the first half of the twentieth century. This was a preoccupation of classical economists. But in present century there is a great conflict, which relates development with equality, growth without equitable distribution and prosperity alongside rising gender inequalities. None of which are natural but rather influenced by social and cultural factors. There is need to broaden the concept of development to encompass the overallRead MoreEssay on Childrens Health: The Key to the Future 1706 Words   |  7 PagesChildrens Health: The Key to the Future As human beings living together on the same planet, all countries have a global responsibility to be concerned with the health and safety of its inhabitants. Throughout history, many nations have faced domestic or international turmoil with economical and political crises that have led to poor health outcomes. Some developing regions of the world have faced greater disease process and higher mortality rates than economically more stable countries. In responseRead MoreNursing and Millennium Goals1307 Words   |  5 PagesNursing and Millennium Goals This paper looks at UN millennium development goals focus being on the fifth millennium development goal which is improvement of maternal health. This goal is divided into two parts the first part deals with reduction of maternal mortality and the second the second part deals with universal access to reproductive health. The paper elaborates on the importance of improvement of maternal health to the nation. It further highlights on the importance of this goal in theRead MoreThe Success of Millennium Development Goals Essay1214 Words   |  5 Pagesstart of the new millennium, the UNO took a very positive initiative in setting a target year in which eight of the world’s most critical problems had to be resolved. The Millennium Summit as it was named was focused on making sure that the world becomes a better place to live in where some of the global problems are eradicated by the countries helping each other. The summit set forth eight goals which were to be achieved by 2015 and named them as the Millennium Development Goals. This was a veryRead MoreDevelopment Of Global Partnership Goals750 Words   |  3 PagesIn September 2000, representative states of the United Nations implemented the Millennium Declaration at a meeting of the General Assembly. This Declaration consisted of a set of devel opment goals that reflect the need to eliminate poverty and support human development through the world. These goals have been named as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). These goals are then broken down into eight categories: eradication of poverty and hunger, realization of universal primary education, promotionRead MoreThe Millennium Development Goals ( Mdgs ) Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesThe Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were established in 2000 to determine, focus on and put into action steps that will fight eight key areas to help underdeveloped countries. The eight targeted areas which are poverty, education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, disease, the environment and global partnership place attention on areas that will help the improvement and betterment of underdeveloped countries. MDGs goals and objectives are clear and concise with a developmentRead MoreThe Millennium Development Goals ( Mdgs )1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were established in 2000 to determine, focus on and put into action steps that will fight eight key areas to help underdeveloped countries. The eight targeted areas which are poverty, education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, disease, the environment and global partnership place attention on areas that will help the improvement and betterment of underdeveloped countries. MDG goals and objectives are clear and concise with a developmentRead MoreCombat HIV / AIDS And Sub-Saharan Africa1363 Words   |  6 Pagesachieve, with numbers remaining fairly similar over the last couple of decades and growth as small as 2 percent in poorer regions such as sub-Saharan Africa (The Millennium, 2015). For a developed nation, the idea of giving birth to a child without a skilled physician nearby monitoring the situation, or clinician of some degree not assisting with the birthing process is unfathomable. Yet, this is a reality in many developing nations across the world, especially the rural communities such as those

Ethnic Culture and Culture of Poverty the Gypsy/Roma Essay

Peter Szuhay asked in Constructing a Gypsy National Culture whether the Gypsies are an ethnic culture or a culture of poverty. I would like to argue that the Gypsy identity is a product of traditional ethnic culture as well as the product of a marginalized social stratum. There are many aspects of gypsy ethnic culture to which can be contributed to the result of marginalization and sometimes those same ethnic cultural traits become stereotypes to which society justifies their stigmatization and poverty. Thus emerges a pattern of both ethnic and social traits being interdependent, intertwined and self-perpetuated. The intersection of the two conflicting cultures can be seen in the following statement made by many and is commonly†¦show more content†¦Often Romany families who are poor will avoid the schools, and if they do send the children to school they have trouble going regularly as well as being socially accepted by the teacher and his classmates. (Sigler 7) A majori ty of these children are not able to advance further in their education because they fail to neither pass biased exams nor be fluent enough in the language of the state. Thus they are either held back or send to a special school and later end up at a trade school. In this case, the distinct language that distinguishes their ethnic culture also serves as a handicap to the children, perpetuating their social immobility and continues to stigmatize into a culture of poverty. In Miriam Lee Kaprows study of the Gitanos in Spain she found that the only cultural characteristic to which she can distinguish a Gypsy from a local is through something she call the essence of the Gypsy. This essence is their flair and the sheer energy with which they embarked on everything. (Willems 5) Agnes Daroczi describes the Gypsies knack for living from day to day and value of feeling good is the same characterization for an ideal ethnic cultural trait that is unique and shared among the diverse Gypsy communities all across EuropeShow MoreRelatedGypsies : A Orthodox Christian And Muslim1520 Words   |  7 Pageslikely thinking about the image of a Gypsy. Gypsies live a way of life that is not common to the regular masses. The loud music, partying through the nights, and moving whole families across countries at the blink of an eye is not a common practice for the average human, unless the human is a Gypsies. This ethnic group is thought to have originated from India and wa s considered travelers of the world, practicing a religion of sorts called Paganism. When a Gypsy family would move to another area inRead MoreThe History and Circumstances of the People from Rome Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roma people of Europe have descended from India about 1,000 years ago and arrived in the European Union in the 14th Century .The history and circumstances of the Roma population today is influenced due to the ideas that surround migration and nomadism. The Roma have been associated with â€Å"nomadism† because some Roma groups are still wandering groups predominantly in Romania (Cahn Guild, 2010). The Roma are the biggest ethnic minority in the European Union and it is estimated that there areRead MoreThe Lifestyle Of Romanian Gypsies As An Indigenous Group1144 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand the lifestyle of Romanian Gypsies as an indigenous group, this paper will provide insight toward their distinctive subculture, survival means, ability to w ithstand racial discrimination and unethical living conditions. Historically, Gypsies have been mistreated and isolated within various cultural settings. Their societies have a terrible reputation for theft, begging and lack of schooling, causing a divide amongst the population. Remaining far below the poverty line, these individuals do whateverRead MoreThe Gypsy: Travelers by Choice or Force554 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"The Gypsy has three truths; one with me, one with you, and the third with himself† a Ukrainian saying about the Gypsy life style. Portrayed for centuries as a lying, thieving and sinning group the gypsy have been discriminated against by most nations. Gypsy have endured slavery, being burned at the stake, being sent to concentration camps and being forced migration to start the list of terrors the group have endured. Most cities and nations do not treat Gypsies as equals and have a history of sufferingRead MoreEssay on Discrimination Against the Gypsies435 2 Words   |  18 Pagesone of the victories of human spirit over the blows of fate. Today the Roms revive their culture and are looking for their identity. On the other hand, they integrate into the societies in which they live. If they are understood by their fellow citizens in their new homelands, their culture will enrich the societys atmosphere with the color and charm of spontaneity (Ghandi). The word Gypsy is used to describe a particular nomadic group of people who originated in Northern IndiaRead MoreGypsies in the Czech Republic Essay2615 Words   |  11 PagesGypsies in the Czech Republic The Gypsies of the former Czechoslovakia have suffered ethnic marginalization dating back to their arrival in Eastern Europe over 700 years ago. The collapse of communism in Czechoslovakia, and other Eastern Europe countries created the necessary conditions for the ethnic mobilization of the Gypsies and other minorities. During communism minorities presence in Eastern Europe was not officially recognized. The transition from the socialist system to democracyRead MoreThe Roma People, A Peripatetic And Indigenously Indo European Ethnic Group962 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roma people, a peripatetic and indigenously Indo-European ethnic group, are one of the European continent’s largest and most systematically stigmatized minorities. EU member countries and officials have repressed their culture for centuries and insulated migrants into failing schools, communal city tenements, and disproportionate housing restrictions. The pervading anti-Roma rhetoric in Europe has gone so far a s to elicit violence; leading to an unprecedented spike in ethnically motivated hateRead MoreBorn in 1951 in a Romanian home, Stefan Balcescu’s early life was spent in and around the Atlanta2000 Words   |  8 Pageswhen I lived in Atlanta and after knowing him for quite some time, his music truly enthralled me. Stefan’s father is Romanian and his mother is Romanian Romani, (gypsy ancestry). Stefan works as a middle school history teacher, but in his spare time he is playing gigs and creating a collation of traditional Eastern European and Roma gypsy music from his native Romania. I recently had the chance to speak to with Stefan to discuss the political and social conditions within his life that produced thisRead MoreRoma And Non Roma People2421 Words   |  10 PagesRomani People commonly known as Roma, Gypsies or Travelers account for around 11 million people scattered across Europe today, mostly in the Eastern European states. They have been persecuted and discri minated against due to large cultural differences since their arrival to Europe. The post-1989 transition from communism in Eastern Europe created a huge ethnic underclass of Roma who by many measures such as political, social, and economic, have the lowest status of any ethnic group in Eastern Europe. ThisRead MoreAnalysis Of Concepts Of Health, Disability, Illness And Behavior3120 Words   |  13 Pagesof Travellers and Gypsies and how it has changed over time 1.3 Analysis of legislation, society and culture made available by services for Travellers and Gypsies LO2 2.1 Analysis of the care needs of Travellers and Gypsies 2.2 Explanation of current systems for supporting Travellers and Gypsies 2.3 Evaluation of services available locally for Travellers and Gypsies LO3 3.1 Explanation of the approaches and interventions available, to support Travellers and Gypsies 3.2 Evaluation

Outline and Evaluate One Theory of Attachment Free Essays

Outline and evaluate one theory of attachment (12 marks) Bowlby’s theory is an evolutionary theory because, in his view attachment is a behavioural system that has evolved because of its survival value and, ultimately, its reproductive value. According to Bowlby, children have an innate drive to become attached to a caregiver because attachment has long-term benefits. Both attachment and imprinting ensure that a young animal stays close to a caregiver who will feed and protect the young animal. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Evaluate One Theory of Attachment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus attachment and imprinting are adaptive behaviours. Infants who do not become attached are less likely to survive and reproduce. Attachment ‘genes’ are perpetuated, and infants are born with an innate drive to become attached. Since attachment is innate, there is likely to be a limited window for its development i. e. a critical or sensitive period. Development of all biological systems takes place most rapidly and easily during a critical period. Bowlby applied the concept of a sensitive period to attachment. He suggested that the second quarter of the first year is when infants are most sensitive to the development of attachments. The drive to provide caregiving is also innate because it is adaptive (i. e. enhances survival of one’s offspring). Infants are born with certain characteristics, called social releasers, which elicit caregiving. The social releasers include smiling and crying. Another social releaser is a baby’s face. Attachment is the innate behavioural system in babies; caregiving is the response in adults. Both provide protection and thereby enhance survival. The formation of attachments depends on the interaction of these systems. Attachment is important for protection, and thus acts as a secure base from which a child can explore the world and a safe haven to return to when threatened. Thus attachment fosters independence. Bowlby also believed that infants form a number of attachments but one of these has special importance. The bias towards on individual, the primary attachment, is called monotropy. Infants also have other secondary attachment figures that form a hierarchy of attachments. The one special attachment is most usually an infant’s mother. Bowlby believe that sensitive responsiveness was the key – an infant become most strongly attached to the person who responds most sensitively to the infant’s social releasers (the ‘sensitivity’ hypothesis). This person become the infants primary attachment figure, providing the main foundation for emotional development, self-esteem and later relationships with peers, lovers and one’s own children. Attachment starts as the relationship between a caregiver and infant. This relationship may be one of trust or of uncertainty and inconsistency, and creates expectations about what all relationships will be like. Gradually the infant develops a model about emotional relationships: Bowlby called this an internal working model. This model is a cluster of concepts about relationships and what to expect from others – about whether relationships involve consistent or inconsistent love, whether others make you feel good or anxious, and so on. The internal working model means there is consistency between early emotional experiences and later relationships. This leads to the continuity hypothesis – the view that there is a link between the early attachment relationship and later emotional behaviour; individuals who are securely attached in infancy continue to be socially and emotionally competent, whereas insecurely attached children have more social and emotional difficulties late in childhood and adulthood. The research by Lorenz supports the view that imprinting is innate because the goslings imprinted on the first moving object they saw. A similar process is likely to have evolved in many species as a mechanism to protect young animals and enhance the likelihood of their survival. If attachments fail to develop, the conclusion from research appears to be that once the sensitive period has passed it is difficult to form attachments. For example, Hodges and Tizard found that children who had formed no attachments had later difficulties with peers. If attachment did evolve, as Bowlby suggests, to provide an important biological function, then we would expect attachment and care giving behaviours to be universal i. e. found in all cultures. Tronick et al. (1992) studied an African tribe, the Efe, from Zaire, who live in extended family groups. The infants are looked after and even breastfed by different women but usually sleep with their own mother at night. Despite such differences in childrearing practices the infants, at six months, still showed one primary attachment. This supports the view that attachment and caregiving are universal and not influenced by different cultural practices. Many psychologists have criticised Bowlby’s ideas regarding montropy and argued that the babies’ attachment to the first attachment figure is not necessarily special or unique. Schaffer and Emerson’s longitudinal study of 60 Glasgow babies found that multiple attachments seemed to be the norm for babies rather than the exception – at the age of 18 months 87% of babies had multiple attachments. Schaffer and Emerson also found that the strongest bond was not necessarily to the mother as Bowlby had implied. At 18 moths, only half of the samples were strongly attached to their mothers and about a third were strongly attached to their fathers. Bowlby’s ideas about the importance of attachments have produced substantial amount of research. Most evidence suggests that early attachment experiences can have an influenced on later adult relationships. However, it is important not to overestimate this influence and to consider other factors such as later life events, which influence adult relationships. Bowlby’s idea regarding monotropy has been challenged and evidence supports the view that multiple attachments may be the rule rather than single and unique attachments. How to cite Outline and Evaluate One Theory of Attachment, Essay examples

Swot Analysis of Mcdonalds free essay sample

Strong brand name, image and reputation McDonalds has built up huge brand equity. It is the No. 1 fast food company by sales, with more than 31,000 restaurants serving burgers and fries in almost 120 countries. The image of McDonalds is recognized everywhere. This brand is in top ten of the most powerful brand names in the world with Coca-Cola, Nokia or GM. Large market share McDonalds is considered as the largest player in size and global reach. When Wendy’s or Burgers King are losing market share in 2006, McDonalds still increases its market share. Market share of McDonalds in the recent time is about 19% while Yum! Brands is 9% and both Wendy’s and Burger King is 2%. Specialized training for managers McDonalds is very serious on training managers. This company has its own program to train managers the most professionally, which is called Hamburger University. As a result, McDonalds has many good managers who can help company development well. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis of Mcdonalds or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page McDonalds Plan to Win McDonalds customer – focused Plan to Win provide a common framework for its global business yet allows for local adaptation. Through the execution of initiatives surrounding the five elements of its Plan to Win – People, Products, Place, Price and Promotion – McDonalds has enhanced the restaurant experience for customers worldwide and grown comparable sales and customer visits in each of the last eight years. This Plan, combined with financial discipline, has delivered strong results for company’s shareholders. Introduction of new production McDonalds is considered the first one enter to fast food industry. It initiates to other brand to enter this industry. As a result, when think about fast food, customers always remember McDonalds first. In fact, in some big countries, especially in US, McDonalds is the first choice of a large number of customers. Technology Innovative: McDonald’s is keeping at the forefront of technology around the globe. For example, In Brazil McDonald’s is currently studying the installation of Internet access terminals in some outlets as well as enabling customers to order online. This will create a more efficient process that will reduce the amount of lag time between a customer’s orders and pick up of the order. Good marketing strategies: No matter the continent, children and adults know the face of Ronald McDonald is synonymous with the colossus restaurant chain. This results in wonderful marketing strategies among management which conducts a very thorough market analysis, resulting in much success around the globe.

Thomas Jefferson Political Compromiser Essays - United States

\"Thomas Jefferson: Political Compromiser\" Morton Borden AP United States History 10/10/17 Morton Borden, \"Thomas Jefferson, Political Compromiser\" America's Eleven Greatest Presidents ed. 2 nd ed., Chicago: Rand McNally and Company, pp. 174-181 After the Constitution was signed, George Washington's leadership helped guide the newly formed United States through the 1790s. When his presidency ended, two factions began to form: the Federalists, led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton, and the Democratic-Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. When Jefferson was elected in 1800, the Federalists feared that all the gains that the government had made when Washington and Adams were president were going to be washed away by Jefferson. Jefferson did change some laws to better fit, including erasing the public debt and reducing internal taxes. However, Jefferson saw that he needed to keep some federalist ideas in order to effectively run the country. Thomas Jefferson reaching across the partisan aisle during his time as president to forward the progress of the United States, while also incorporating his own party's ideas, allowed the country to begin their new stage of government under the Constitution, Thomas Jefferson incorporated some of his own party's ideas when he was elected president, and in doing so scared the Federalists who had built the country the way it was for the past 12 years. In 1800, when Jefferson was elected, the Federalists saw Jefferson as the man who would undo all the work they had done since the constitution was ratified in 1789. He was, \"honestly feared, by almost all Federalists.\" (174), which means that the Federalists were unsure if the policies that they made were going to be saved by Jefferson. This includes the power between the national government and state governments and the financial system created by Federalist leader Alexander Hamilton. These Federalist fears caused even more animosity between the two parties, and when Jefferson and Burr, both members of the Democratic-Republican party, tied in the 1800 presidential election, the vote in the House of Representatives kept resulting in a tie. This was because there were exactly the same amou nt of Federalists and Democratic-Republicans in the House, and all the Federalists kept voting for Burr, simply for the fact that he wasn't Jefferson. The Federalists could not accept Jefferson at all. Despite these tensions, Jefferson's inauguration speech spoke of a different tone, with him saying that \"We are all republicans-we are all federalists.\" (175). This speech was greeted with surprise and confusion. It was clear to everyone that he was trying to heal the wounds made between the two parties. However, some Federalists still distrusted Jefferson, due to the attacks made by both sides before the election. Jefferson did include a lot of the Democratic-Republican's ideology in his agenda. This included letting the Alien and Sedition Act lapse, which was a benefit for the Federalists, given that French immigrants could not vote for president. There was also reducing or even abolishing internal taxes, which would limit the amount of funds for the government: \"Frugality and ec onomy were emphasized to the extreme.\" (176). Another impact made by Jefferson was the scaling down of both the Army and the Navy. The Federalists disagreed with every single act that Jefferson made that favored his own ideology. The Federalists saw the scaling back of the military as extreme and potentially dangerous, with their vulnerability of invasion and constant European war. They also disagreed with the reduction of taxes, which would make them more reliant on tariffs, which are known to be unpredictable. Most important to the federalists, the payment of the public debt would reduce the national government's power over the states. This disagreement in Jefferson's decisions show that he was still willing to put his and his party's agenda over keeping the Federalists happy. Despite changing a significant amount of the government structure, Thomas Jefferson still sought to compromise with the federalists and his time as president showed his transformation from a radical natural law philosopher to the adoption of some federalist techniques. One of these examples are the purchase of the Louisiana Territory. This purchase would double the size of the United States, and would help the United States increase their power and influence. However,

How to Write an Economics Essay

How to Write an Economics Essay How to Write an Economics Essay Writing a good essay in economics is usually vital given its importance, and the fact that economics is a mandatory subject that is taught in most business courses. Writing an economics essay is likely to be integrated into most examinations, projects or even assignments. For one to produce a very efficient and quality economics essay there are some procedures and guidelines that must be followed. First and foremost, the instructions for the topic must be read attentively and carefully. This is to understand what the question is asking and what the examiner wishes the writer to write or produce in the final draft. This is followed by identification of the relevant topic in question. A good Economics essay cannot be functional if the writer does not understand the topic of origin. Also note that every topic has its own technical terms to be used when writing your economics essay. The next step is checking and determining the time allocated for the questions. This is to enable the writer to produce the essay in a timely manner. It is notable that most essays have a time length or time span for presentation. Therefore, a writer who wishes to write this kind of essay must be able to plan and budget for the time allocated in order to produce a valid economics essay. The word count or number of pages must also be checked and adhered to, if there are any stipulations for essay length. The writer has a duty not to produce a very short or a very long essay given that very long essays might lose the meaning attached to it due to its length. At the same time, very short essays might also distort the theme as it might limit the number of facts one can mention about the topic. The relevant economic models must be well noted to integrate all the required definitions. Economic essays should have particular theories of economy, in line with their assumptions, as well as diagrams to show flow of information from one model to another one. In economics, theories, diagrams and some specified assumptions are vital in exhibiting the kind of economic model in application. Moreover, in some cases, for one to produce a very good economics essay there is a need to apply relevant case studies to highlight the essay. Case studies in economics essay are as important as the models and diagrams being used. Notably, a good economics essay must be able to integrate the use of well-labeled diagrams, well-defined theories, and effectively drawn assumptions, plus case studies to effectively discuss the topic and prompt the examiner to give you a good grade. Get professional Economics essay help from paper experts at writing service. We write quality custom essays on any Economics related topics!

Monstrous Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Monstrous Mythology - Essay Example A monster when defined through literal terms comes from a Latin word 'Monstrum' which means an indication of what is yet to come, however, the Romans usually used this word to describe a series of unusual occurrences. It is very important for us to acknowledge the apparent relationship between the mythological notion of monstrous and the representation of it in the contemporary culture. The contemporary culture has adopted the mythological existence of monsters mostly through visualization or imagery which serves as a possibility inside human minds regarding the existence of these creatures. Mythology has well preserved the concept of monstrous which holds two attributes for their identification, one of which is that they are not human beings and the other saying that they are an evil force with their distinct objectives to kill humans. (Monster mythology, Carl Sargent, Pg 12-15) Classical mythology has a deep significance in the representation of what really a monster is with all the description that has something or the other constituting an animalistic nature. It is believed that the monsters in classical mythology usually existed either in the form of humans with unnatural attributes or absurd creatures that are part human and part animal. According to classical mythology, monsters were the creatures that violated the cultural values and norms and had their own inhumane and cruel motives. Myth makers and fiction writers have created many monsters but we cannot look through the deep-rooted significance of myth making itself and how it describes the appearance of the monster and the extent of its cruelty, for instance the people in New Guinea promoted a myth that involves monster traits such as shape transformation, inhumane union, thirst for blood and human flesh and other forms of cannibalism. Moreover, Greek Mythology has many relevant monstrous illustrations which prominently include the Stymphalian and evil birds in the Hercules period. (Classical mythology, Helen Morales, Pg 110-116) Monsters according to a culture can be the evil force that has all the wrong and manipulative objectives and perhaps this is why people following distinct cultural and moral values consider people who end up doing or even start believing in evil/malicious paths as the monsters or demons regardless of how a typical horror monster may look like. Classical mythology has preserved monsters time and time again such as the Cerberus, Centaurs, Chimaera, Medusa, Cyclopes, hydra etc. Below is an image of a monstrous creature in Norse mythology which was in the form of a savage wolf named 'Fenrir'. All these monsters were either humans or with a body or skull of an animal which depicts brutality and a hunger for blood gushing inside human bodies. Mythology as an explanation to monstrous creatures that once existed suggests that these creatures were perhaps a translation as to what fear is inside human minds or more like the image of fear and horror. Moving ahead it is extremely notable to understand the human psychology and how they perceive the monsters that they see on television screens or read and imagine about, it is believed that monsters are

Prison system in the united states Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Prison system in the united states - Term Paper Example It is often believed in America that the prison and criminal justice systems promote economic and social inequalities and it has an unequal and unfair effect on poor, the American minorities and less privileged class of the society. It has adverse effects on not only the prisoners but also on the families and the closed ones. The groups and people who are influential, wealthy and resourceful control the whole criminal justice and control mechanism, as they are in a position to exercise greater influence through the legal process hence suppressing the poor. One of the face of injustice in the system is that it is believed that the prisons are used to lock up those individuals of the society who have been involved in the most serious offences and are a threat and disgrace to the society, which is proved wrong by the revelation of the fact that American prison system incarcerates the drug users who usually belongs to lower class and the upper lower class of the society- It sees crime as an act of lower class only. Usually, the American blacks (minorities) are involved in criminal activities due to their racial discrimination in America, hence they are the ones most incarcerated. The prisons and jails in America are usually situated in the urban locality which makes the prisoners and staffs feel isolated from the people and make it difficult for the families and the closed ones to meet the prisoner. It does not only affect the people involved in the system but also affects their families.... Usually, the American blacks (minorities) are involved in criminal activities due to their racial discrimination in America, hence they are the ones most incarcerated. The prisons and jails in America are usually situated in the urban locality which makes the prisoners and staffs feel isolated from the people and make it difficult for the families and the closed ones to meet the prisoner. It does not only affect the people involved in the system but also affect their families. (Lynch, Micheal, J. 2007; Blakely, Curtis, R. 2005) Previously the inmates were given freedom to access the judiciary to defend their cases which was in accordance to the constitution and was an ethical practice. The Civil Rights Act allowed the inmates regardless of race and gender to file a suit against any mistreatment, violence, medical ignorance or any such unethical practice. With the passage of time the system developed more flaws and attempts were made to weaken this Act. It is considered that unsuccess ful lawsuits are costly and are an additional expense which lead to reconsideration whether access to the court should be granted freely to all inmates or not resulting into reduced chances of inmates to defend their cases and approach courts which was their only way to hold prison operators legally accountable against any mistreatment. (Blakely, Curtis, R. 2005; American Assembly.1973) The legal system in America has gone through many changes over time mostly influenced and affected by scholarly work and studies on human behavior and psychology. It is widely believed that there is a positive correlation between the deterrence of crime and severance of punishment. The severe the punishment the

Giving a Critique of the Usefulness of Spreadsheet Modelling in Essay

Giving a Critique of the Usefulness of Spreadsheet Modelling in Financial Accounting and Reporting - Essay Example Computer spreadsheets are very much beneficial in manipulating large volume of data very easily and in quickly (Moutinho, et al., 1994, p.26-27). Spreadsheets are very much useful in modelling situations in financial accounting and helps in various decision making processes. Uses of Spreadsheets Spreadsheets are argued to be most frequently used by most of the organisations all over the world. There are many tailor-made tools available in spreadsheets which perform specific business processes (Baker, et al., n.d.). There is an increased popularity in the use of spreadsheets in business concerns. It is so because of spreadsheets being an end user computing platform. The information systems department takes long time to complete the analysis and reporting. Moreover, spreadsheets are easy to use powerful software to do business analysis (Fisher, n.d.). Spreadsheets are used by many companies to assist in the management of information related to critical business procedures. It is done t o comply with the rules and regulations of financial accounting and reporting. With the advent of International Financial reporting Standards (IFRS), there is a need for the modifications in the existing system of financial accounting procedures in the organisations. Spreadsheets have thus become an interim option for the organisations before these changes are fully introduced in the accounting applications. Once the spreadsheets are in use in the organisation, the executives feel that the spreadsheets will be replaced by a fully designed new accounting system, very shortly. But in reality, those spreadsheets may be in use in the organisations for a much longer term. Hence it becomes difficult for managers to manage the increasing number of spreadsheets. Moreover, replacing the spreadsheets with the new accounting system can be costly option for the organisations (Baxter, 2006). In the corporate world, spreadsheets are used either for modelling purpose or for operational purpose. Mo delling spreadsheets are mainly used for a particular purpose or activity and are used as complex calculators. Spreadsheets meant for operational use acts as a core programme in business by assisting in daily transactions in business. Operational spreadsheets use all types of data, both static and dynamic and also calculations involving those data. Modelling spreadsheets become redundant once the particular task is done with it. Whereas, operational spreadsheets become an integral part of organisational processes and are in use for long term (Baxter, 2006). Five Categories of Spreadsheet Analysis Base-Case Analysis Most of the spreadsheet analyses are done for measuring the results or outcomes relative to certain base case of comparison. A base case can be either the current policy in use or the scenario which is most likely to occur or the best case or the worst case (Powell & Baker, 2010, p.120). This type of analysis can help in answering questions like what would be the expected profit next year if the current polic

Analysis of Profitability Ratios

Analysis of Profitability Ratios If a company shows good profitability then the shareholders can expect good profit distribution on their investment. For this purpose we should also examine the dividend payment history of the company in order to make a reliable estimate of profit distribution. So far as the Spectrum Manufacturing Company [SMC] is concerned, its profitability is decreasing. The reasons of the decrease in profitability are: Decrease in sales Increase in interest expenses Increase in the amount of depreciation [may not be a concern, since it is non cash expense. Further increase the depreciation will ultimately decrease tax liability] The disadvantages of using above ratios are that these ratios may not provide an accurate estimate of the company profitability if used individually. The ratios calculated above should be used with other techniques in order to get more accurate and reliable estimate of the company financial position. The above ratios also ignore the impact of items which may result in low profitability but may increase share holders wealth maximization. For example, depreciation charged and interest expenses paid will ultimately decrease the tax liability of the company resulting in more profits available for distribution. The are many methods to calculate the leveraging of the company some considers long term debt while others considers both long term and short term debt of the company so this ratio should be calculated as per the requirements. The ratio of ROCE ignores the impact of risk taken by the company. We may use RROCE [Risk Adjusted Return on Capital Employed] in order to get a more reliable estimate. The following additional techniques and tools can be used for the analysis of SMC: Cash Flow Analysis [Liquidity Ratios] Peer Group Comparison Inventory turn over ratio Average collection period Price earning ratio Taxation structure of the countries where the company wants to enter Exchange rate risk. The Board of Directors are the agent of shareholders (Principal). It is the responsibility of the BOD to act in the best interest of shareholders. But there are chances that the BOD may not act in the interest of shareholders due to some potential conflict of interest. The conflict of interest may arise due to difference in goals and objectives of BOD and shareholders. However different techniques can be used to reduce the chances of conflict of interest such as profit participation, performance based remuneration etc. The dividend policy is related with the profit distribution of the company. The investor would like to invest in a company which has a good dividend policy. The dividend policy is normally affected by the stage of business and future expansion plans. The dividend policy is important due to the following reasons: The dividend policy plays an important role in attracting the investors High dividends may result in higher share price of the company [market capitalization] Distribution of dividend in the form of cash shows good liquidity position of the company. The debt financing is normally encouraged due to the fact that the interest expenses are deductable for taxation purposes while the dividend paid to share holders is not considered as an expense for taxation purposes. Three main sources of financing: Debt Financing from financial institutions Subscription money from shareholders Subordinated debt form sponsors Government Grants

Retail Inventory :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Retail Inventory-Level Planning consists of retail inventory method (RIM) which is an accounting procedure whose objectives are to maintain a perpetual. It also can book inventory in retail dollars amounts and to maintain records that make it possible to determine the cost value of the inventory at any time without taking a physical inventory. Also known as book inventory system or perpetual book inventory. Retailers also have another important choice to make the stock to sales ratio. The stock to sales ratio is derived directly from the planned inventory to determine monthly additions to stock in the merchandise budget plan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Retailers generally think of their inventory at retail price levels rather than at cost. Retailers use their initial markups, additional markups, and markdowns, and so forth as percentages of retail. When retailers compare their prices to competitors’, they use retail prices. The problem is that when retailers to design their financial plans, evaluate performance, and prepare financial statements, they need to know the cost value of their inventory. Retailers use physical inventories. This process is time consuming and costly. Retailers take physical inventories once or twice a year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many retailers use point of sale terminals that keep track of every item sold its original cost, and its final selling price. The rest of the retailers face a problem of not knowing the cost value of their inventory at one time. These retailers with either computerized or manual systems can use retail inventory method. Their are five advantages for using RIM over a system of inventory at cost. The does not have to â€Å"cost† each time. When retailers have many SKUs, keeping track of each item becomes difficult and expensive. It is easier to determine the value of inventory with the retail prices marked on the merchandise than unmarked or at coded cost prices. The second advantage for using RIM is that it follows the accepted accounting principal of valuing assets at cost or market value, which is lower. This system lowers the value of inventory when markdowns are taken but does not allow inventory’s value increase with additional markups.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When using RIM, the amounts and percentages of initial markups, markdowns, and shrinkage can be identified. This information can then be compared with historical records or industry norms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RIM is useful for determining shrinkage. The difference between the book inventory and the physical inventory can be attributed to shrinkage.

Environment Analysis Essay

Marketing Environment Analysis An underlying assumption of the introduction to marketing course is that students learn best and retain more when they actively apply and work with the concepts presented in the course materials rather than simply read about them. Therefore, the purpose of this assignment is to apply concepts and knowledge learned in class to real situations to enhance your understanding. A marketing environment analysis is an examination of the major external forces and trends that have impacted or may mpact a market and thus present opportunities and threats for marketers. It involves an assessment of the key components of a company’s task (micro) environment and macroenvironment (see Chapter 3). This information is necessary input into the development of a strategic plan for companies who are involved or plan to become involved in the industry. Project Summary Your short paper should contain the following two parts. Part 1. part 2. Examine the current market micro and macro environmental situation for an industry f your choice (for example, please see the list on page. 5). That is, explore the market, customer, competitive, distribution, demographic, economic, ecological, technological, political/legal, and cultural situations for the industry with particular emphasis on those changing environmental factors that may provide opportunities and threats for companies in the industry (see Chapter 3 for more details; This is primarily sections II and Ill below). Demonstrate your understanding of core marketing concepts that you have not incorporated into Part 1. A partial list of the concepts that should be addressed is provided below (Section ‘V). You are not limited to this list. Examples, both real (preferable) and conjectural (i. e. , things that you think are likely), should be provided to demonstrate your understanding. Most of these concepts should be addressed in your industry analysis (i. e. , Part 1). You do not need to repeat any of the core concepts that are covered in Part 1 . While all parts of this project are important, your demonstration of your nderstanding and ability to use core marketing concepts is particularly important. Regardless of the section (Part 1 or Part 2) in which you discuss the core concepts, please use bold type to highlight the concepts. Please note that this assignment will be completed individually. Your written report should conform (more or less) to the format listed below. The body of the analysis should not exceed six double-spaced typed (12-point type) pages. However, extensive use of appendices (such as charts, tables, industry-related ads etc. is acceptable. The page count begins with the â€Å"Task (micro) Environment Description† (point II. in the format given below) and not with the summary or table of contents. Each item in the appendix must be individually referenced in the body. References (i. e. , sources of information) must be cited in the main text (include author’s name, year) and listed in a reference section (section VI). As with all written assignments, your analysis will be evaluated on its professional appearance, readability, and apparent ettort, as well as on its content.

Making a Mountain Out of a Molehill

Making a Mountain Out of a Molehill Making a Mountain Out of a Molehill Making a Mountain Out of a Molehill By Maeve Maddox One of our readers used this expression in a recent comment: make a mountain out of a mole hole I assumed that the writer had intended to write the common expression make a mountain out of a molehill. I was about to shrug it off as a typo and move on when I thought Id just Google the unfamiliar version. I found enough examples to indicate that the readers version is in fairly common use. I found the mole hole version in headlines, subject lines, comments and serious articles. Here are a few examples: The media paints the picture of a mountainous recession, but it may simply be a mole hole of slow growth that we must conquer. The Fed is creative and seemingly cogent enough to get the economy through its current stress. New N Economics However, Mr. Dubad gave us the impression that the sky is falling apart and a civil war is in the offing. He made a mountain out of mole hole. The Somaliland Times Think too hard and you’ll over think the problem. Consider the size of the problem too much and you’ll make a mountain out of a mole hole. Quest Venture Partners The English word mole has various meanings: 1. a spot on the skin 2. a burrowing animal 3. a wall or other barrier built in the sea to hold back water 4. a unit of molecular quantity 5. a spy (figurative use because, like a mole, a spy burrows in darkness) It is the second sense that gives us molehill. The word mole may come from mouldwarp, lit. earth-thrower. Moles tunnel beneath the earth. A surface opening to a tunnel is often marked by a little pile of earth, a molehill. A molehill is not very large, but it is shaped like a mountain. A person who makes a big fuss over a small matter is said to be making a mountain out of a molehill. Heres an example of the expression from over 400 years ago: To much amplifying thinges yt. be but small, makyng mountaines of Molehils. [John Foxe, Acts and Monuments, 1570] Its not clear to me why molehills should have morphed into mole holes. I can see an immediate connection between a molehill and a mountain, but not between a mole hole and a mountain. Wouldnt an exaggerated hole be more like a crater or a lake than a mountain? In researching the expression I came across numerous tourist retreats called The Mole Hole. Perhaps their existence has contributed to the shift. I know. Im just making a mountain of a mole-. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Words with More Than One Spelling15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their SynonymsForming the Comparative of One-syllable Adjectives

Students Are the Best Audience for Who to Write a Book at College

Students Are the Best Audience for Who to Write a Book at College Students Are the Best Audience for Who to Write a Book at College If you are a student and have decided to become a writer, you must consider each step carefully. Becoming a famous writer does not happen overnight. You may not know who to write a book for. As you are a college student, it makes sense to write for the student audience. If you are interested in writing novels, it is a good idea to start with something a bit easier, like tutorials for your fellow mates. This way, you can listen to feedback, find and develop your own style in writing. Here are five topics to write about in order to engage the student audience. 1. How to Become an Expert in Academic Writing All college students have to write papers on one subject or another. Some students find writing papers extremely difficult and stressful, so writing on academic issues is a great idea at college. Walk your fellow students through the different aspects of writing: brainstorming a topic, creating the first draft, then proofreading and editing. Include tips on styling, organization, vocabulary usage, perhaps even grammar and punctuation. Your readers are sure to appreciate the comprehensive guide on academic writing. 2. Problems of Student Life and How to Cope with Them Student life is complicated, so a book about how to cope with college successfully could be a real winner within the student audience. Think about problems you have experienced as a student and how you have solved them. Also you can give practical advice about college, supplying with entertaining stories of your own experience. You can write about typical college student problems, like living on a student budget, adjusting to life in college, dealing with a roommate and living in dorms, eating at the dining halls, etc. 3. How to Become an A Student Balancing grades, living in society and adjusting to a new place is pretty challenging, isn’t it? Thus, you could write a book concerning these issues. Such a guide surely will be helpful for a plenty of students. A comprehensive guide on choosing classes and professors, studying for college exams will be a real hit within college students. 4. Establishing Relations in College All humans want to be in love and to build relationships, and college students are not an exception. Dating in college can be complicated experience, so many students will be engaged to read a guide on how to make connections with the opposite sex. Fill your book with funny stories about your own dating experience, or ask your close friends to share their experience with you and include their best stories. 5. A Practical Guide for College We have already discussed that the tips on how to deal with typical college problems will be the best idea for the book. Nevertheless, what about the guide for student everyday life, especially for newbies? First year students could use practical advice on how to register for classes, how to choose the best ones, how to ensure they are on track for their degrees, how to join a fraternity or sorority, maybe even how to do laundry! You could even gift such a guide for your college or university so people will know about you really fast and your fame will come faster! If you are interested in becoming a novelist, here are a few topics you can write about to sharpen your writing skills, practice your own style, and find the target audience.

Explain the processes involved in a space shuttles flight path Essay

Explain the processes involved in a space shuttles flight path - Essay Example The paper is aimed to present and focus on the Space Shuttle flight path which is considered as the stages of the flight missions of the craft. The Space Shuttle flight path is composed of different stages. The first stage is taking off which can be compared to a rocket. The second stage is orbiting like a satellite. The last stage then is going back to Earth and landing like a glider. These routine flights are important for different purposes such as maintenance of the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station. Other missions are also related to military, scientific and commercial purposes (Barrett, 1985; Dwiggins, 1985). The main system is officially referred to as Space Transportation System (STS). It is composed of the shuttle, the launch boosters and other components. The flight path of the Space Shuttle is composed of the launch, the SRB separation, fuel tank separation, orbit, retrofire, entry, approach and landing. These stages of the flight path are enabled by the different components such as the solid rocket boosters (SRB), the external fuel tank (ET), the orbiter or the shuttle itself and the three main engines integral to the orbiter (Barrett, 1985; Dwiggins, 1985; Freudenrich, 2001). The typical routine flight path of the Space shuttle starts with getting into orbit which is composed of the launch the ascent and the orbital maneuvering burn. The said stage is followed by the orbit phase when the main objectives of the mission are undertaken such as repair and maintenance of the different spacecrafts in orbit and the delivery of crews and supplies needed. After a few days to a maximum of 14 days in orbit, the Space Shuttle will re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere again. Landing is the last stage of the mission wherein the aircraft requires the glider-like capability to be able to stay intact (Freudenrich, 2001). Launching a Space Shuttle can be considered as one of the most challenging

Howard Carter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Howard Carter - Essay Example Perhaps Howard Carter's artistic abilities were never fully cultivated because his family did not have much money, or perhaps it was because Carter spent much of his early life as a very sickly, weak little boy (10). Whatever the reasons were, Carter never saw himself as good as his father, who taught Carter all he knew about drawing (11). However, Carter was good enough to get a job as an assistant copyist with Percy Edward Newberry (20). The recommendations of a family friend, Mrs. Margaret Tyssen-Amherst also helped to secure this position (22), thus began Howard Carter's career as an archaeologist. In the autumn of 1891, when Carter was just 17 years old, he made his first trip to Egypt and experienced sea-sickness for the first time (Reeves and Taylor 1993, 23). The voyage across the Channel is vividly - although not too fondly - remembered by Carter in his autobiographical sketches: It was then that I discovered I was not physically fitted for a sailor; that an appetite for food oozy with oil, and the motion of the ship caused very adverse sensations which centered around the sensitive nerves of the solar plexus, and which in my case resulted in a complete 'knock-out' (23-24). Carter was extremely relieved when the ship at last landed in Alexandria (24). From there, he journeyed to Cairo, where he met the famous archaeologist William Matthew Flinders Petrie (24). A few days later, he joined Newberry's archaeological work in Beni Hasan (24). Howard Carter soon proved his merit as a copyist. As Newberry wrote to one of his acquaintances: I never reckoned on getting done so fast. It is astonishing how much can be done by two men working hard when the hands are willing. I believe that Carter and I could almost trace all the tombs in Egypt in five years!!! On Sunday last I tried Carter at painting and found he could copy things here very well indeed (Reeves and Taylor 1993, 27). Not only did Carter copy quickly, he also copied with great attention to detail. A sketch he did of a relief in a tomb at Deir el-Bersha shows a complex and faithful rendering of how a gigantic stone statue was transported from the stone quarry where it was carved (31). When it is compared with other copies of the same picture, there is no doubt that Carter's is far superior (31). Carter's successes at the excavation of Queen Hatshepsut's tomb in Deir el-Bersha earned him a position as the first Inspector General of Monuments for Upper Egypt at the very young age of 25 (Warren 2005). He was responsible for supervising all archaeological activities that went on in the Upper Nile Valley, including the ancient city of Thebes (Warren 2005). During his tenure, he conducted extensive excavations and preservations, and established electric lighting in the Valley of the Kings and the temples of Ramses II and Nefertari at Abu Simbel (Warren 2005). Carter also made a significant discovery at the Tomb of the Horse, or Bab el-Hosan. He found a sepulchre with what he thought was a human body, but it turned out to only be a statue (Reeves and Taylor 1993, 66-67). The usually meticulous Carter informed the British Consul-General in Egypt, Viscount Cromer, of the discovery before he had actually examined it closely. His friend and employer, Gaston Maspero, describes the inci dent in this way: [Carter] had announced his discovery too soon to Lord Cromer. Lord Cromer came

Letter requesting OPT addressed to DSO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter requesting OPT addressed to DSO - Essay Example Some of the concepts that I have acquired through the course include management information systems, business strategies, finance, law, marketing and accounting among others. These concepts and other concepts in business administration are closely related to the role of a business analyst in various ways. Firstly, business administration provided one with a foundation for understanding business processes, strategies, and the general business environment. The course has also familiarized me with the methodologies, tools, and processes involved in the successful analysis of businesses. I possess great leadership skills having held numerous leadership positions at school. I cherish teamwork and collaboration in order to achieve a common objective. I have the ability to learn fast and develop competencies in very diverse areas including financial modeling, comparative analysis, comparative analysis, tax planning, and investment strategies. In addition to my analytical skills, I also possess advanced computer skills. I have expertise in various computer programs including MS office suits and programing languages such as SQL, VB, and HTML. I have attaches a sample of my resume for consideration. I would appreciate the opportunity to come at your premises for an interview where I can elaborate more on my skills I relation to the

Creative Writing - Whangamata Beach Essay Example for Free

Creative Writing Whangamata Beach Essay As I gaze over my photo album I pause on a particular photo. Its dark but I can just make out the shadowy figures posing in the background, the murky night enclosing itself around them. Brightly coloured flames shoot up from the wood in front of them; I can still feel that warmth of the fire. I search my mind trying to place the exact details of that night only they blur and condense until there are only specs of a memory. That photo always brings me back to one place, Whangamata. Looking up to the sky, glimmering with brightly illuminated stars I breathe in only to have my lungs become coated with the thick sea salt that travels up the sandy banks of the beach every time a wave begins to crash down on the shore. I reach for my camera which has been swallowed up by the surrounding sand. Brushing it off I focus it on everyones shadowy faces. They all gather around, they huddle to try fit into the screen of the camera. Taking the photo I hear the shutter click, lying back I close my eyes. The heat of the blazing fire penetrates my skin as I sink into the sand. I think about all the complications Ill have when I get back to Auckland. As I sigh, I position my head on a piece of drift wood. Aiming my stare towards my friends I see them singing and dancing around the fire. Lazily I smile at them when they begin to call my name. Youre no fun! Erin shouts as I stick my tongue out at her in mock response. After a while more people begin to join me beside the fire, their bodies tired from the erratic movement of tonights adventures. Rose begins to hush everyone and as it quietens a clearer noise is audible. Laughter and shouting from the distance booms and echoes around us. Everyone turns to give each other puzzled looks. This is our spot, how could anyone find us here? I squint trying to make out who they are but the blackness of midnight is too dark and hazy. Hidden from my eyesight for a while, shadowy silhouettes eventually emerge from the dimness behind the fire. A group of people were making their way towards us, shouting. One by one our group stood up, I was the last to stand but the first to approach them. Erin ran to catch up with me, linking her arm through mine when she reaches me. Her icy skin gives me goose bumps; I rub my arms to stay warm. Thunder rumbles in the distance as the cool offshore breeze begins to whip my hair lightly backwards and forwards. When we reach the intruders I speak, Im Kayleigh, this is Erin and theyre our friends I motioned towards everybody standing around the fire. The group standing before me smiled. Can we sit with you for a while; weve been walking for hours the boy closest to me asks huskily. I nod in reply. Instead of

Residential Schools in Canada

Residential Schools in Canada The Canadian government and the Christian churches formerly introduced residential schools with the purpose of assimilating Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture. This research report will provide a brief background on the origination of residential schools in Canada. The report will examine the consequences of residential schools, the parties involved in negotiations, the outcomes of the negotiations and its impact on independent parties. Canadas first residential school- The Mohawk Institute located in Brantford, Ontario, opened in 1831. In residential schools, enrollment of girls started in the year 1834. In the eyes of the Bagot Commision, Mohawk Institute made the perfect model for all other schools. The commission also recommended separating Indigenous children from their families in order to accomplish an effective assimilation. In 1884, various modifications to the Indian Act of 1876 permitted the formation of residential schools across Canada. Simultaneously, traditional Indigenous ceremonies were prohibited by the Canadian government. By the year 1896, in totality, 45 residential schools were operating across the country. Such detrimental enforcements caused conflicts between the parties involved- the Canadian government, churches, and the Indigenous communities. Issues were to be discovered and negotiations were to take place between the parties. The Canadian Government The Christian Churches The Canadian government and the Christian churches are the parties that ignited the conflict with Indigenous people. Government funded the residential schools as it felt the need to civilize Indigenous peoples and controlling education served as the prime approach. In 1857, under the Gradual Civilization Act, Indigenous men who were 21 years of age, had to be literate in either English or French. Churches and key leaders like Sir John A. MacDonald (Canadas first Prime Minister) were set to end the cultural differences faced with the Indigenous communities. Just over 130 residential schools were active across the country from 1831 to 1996. Indigenous Communities Indigenous communities include Metis, First Nations (also known as Indians), and Inuit. The children of these communities were being converted to Christianity against their will. Not attending residential schools put the future of Indigenous families at stake. Next, the issues caused by the residential schools and issues faced by the Indigenous children and their families will be examined. Residential school system was responsible for cultural genocide. Historisca Canada, defines the term cultural genocide as, the intentional eradication and destruction of cultural artifacts and structures, the banning of cultural activities, and the obliteration of social structures rooted in unique cultures. Likewise, the prime goal of residential school system was to segregate Indigenous children from their families and communities in order to conform them into Euro-Canadian culture. The attempt of forceful assimilation caused Indigenous people to terminate their distinct legal, social, cultural, religious, and racial entities in Canada. This was made possible by compulsorily isolating Indigenous children from their communities and enrolling them in residential schools. Students were banned to speak in their mother tongue and perform their traditional art forms, such as dance and music. As residential schools were underfunded, the living conditions were very poor. The residential sc hools were getting overcrowded as The Gradual Civilization Act started awarding 50 acres of land to any Indigenous male who were willing to under the pressure of running a family, give up tribal membership. Residential students were facing starvation, and students suffered through abuse in terms of physical, emotional, and sexual, on a daily basis. The immeasurable damage caused by the residential schools resulted in intergenerational trauma that continues to affect Indigenous people even today. It is evident that there is a severe conflict between the parties; so did anyone try to initiate a negotiation? Or even bring forth the conflict publicly and speak up? The next section covers key people who publicized the conflict and initiated a negotiation. Key Influential People Dr. P. H. Bryce In 1907, Dr. P. H. Bryce was the first to officially without any bias examine the conditions of residential schools. In Canadas Department of the Interior and Indian Affairs, Dr. Bryce was the chief medical officer in the years 1904 to 1921. After having examined the conditions at residential schools, he announced that the Indigenous childrens mortality rate was approximately 42%. It was the first time in the history of residential schools that, the government was exposed of its suppression of statistics on Indigenous peoples health. It was extremely brave of Dr. Bryce to expose the government in his 1922 publication- The Story of a National Crime. Chanie Charlie Wenjack Chanies death had raised questions on the Indian education and its philosophy at the time. On November 17, 1966, a jury declared their verdict of holding an autopsy for Chanie Charlie Wenjacks death. Throughout 1960-1980s, residential schools had started to close down. In the year 1969, the agreement between the Canadian government and churches had officially ended. As a result, the Department of Indian Affairs was in charge for the remainder of schools running. With the immense responsibility in the hands of the Department of Indian Affairs, in 1979, the remaining 12 residential schools were evaluated. An initiation was in place by making school administration more culturally aware, keeping in mind the requirements of Indigenous children. Prime Minister Brian Mulroney The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples was instigated by the respective Prime Minister Brain Mulroney, in the year 1991. The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples consisted of seven commissioners who would generate a report regarding the effects of residential schools on generations. The final report was concluded in 1996. The report made 440 recommendations as to how the relationships between Indigenous people, non-Indigenous people and Canadas government could be resolved. As far as negotiation was concerned, the Royal Commission had proposed to take on the accommodative approach in order to keep peace and encourage mutuality in the future. During the 1980 and 1990s, previous students of residential schools held campaigns to get the churches and the government to acknowledge the schools exploitations and to receive some form of compensation. In the year 1998, a Statement of Reconciliation was finally issued by the Canadian government. The statement recognized the cruelties suffered by former Indigenous students by establishing the Aboriginal Healing Foundation. In an attempt of using the negotiation tactic of Give Something to Get Something, in 2003, the Alternative Dispute Resolution process was put in place. This process allowed for an out-of-court mechanism in providing compensation and psychological support. The Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement (IRSSA) In terms of negotiation, the residential school conflict deals greatly with the cultural context. When it comes to culture in negotiation, there are three main rules. First is to learn the other sides culture. Second, never to stereotype. Third is finding ways to bridge the culture gap. The third rule is exactly what the Canadian government was offering by establishing the Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement in 2007. Under the IRSSA, survivors of residential schools are offered compensation. Part of the IRSSA is the Common Experience Payment, which is paid out on the basis of how many years the victim has attended residential school. Not to forget the Independent Assessment Process through which every statement of sexual, psychological or physical abuse, was resolved on case-by-case basis. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) June 1, 2008, marked the establishment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC). Reportedly, $60 million had been put aside for TRC. The TRC has been put in effect for a span of five years to manuscript the truth regarding the conditions of residential schools and rightly inform all Canadians. The TRC is a great platform for victims and their families to vocalize their experiences. Through national events held in different parts of the country such as Winnipeg, it becoming easier to raise public awareness of the truth. TRC is an effective tool in order to create a comprehensive historical record on the residential schools. It is the least to say that residential schools produced immeasurable damage by disrupting healthy Indigenous communities and causing long-term intergenerational problems. However, with the Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in effect both parties have come to peace with each other. Not to forget, the apology made by the former Prime Minister Stephen Harper in 2008, on behalf of the Canadian government to the former students of residential schools. It would be correct to say that Indigenous people no longer would feel like outsiders after seeing the recent progress made by the TRC. In 2015, in the final report of TRC Honouring the Truth, Reconciling for the Future, is officially the documentation consisting the awful experiences of the past residential school students. Keeping in mind the ultimate goal of resolving conflicts with the Indigenous communities, the final report states 94 Calls of Action. Having said that, their is great hope for the success of the Indian Residential School Settlement. References CBC News (2016, March 21). A history of residential schools in Canada. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/a-history-of-residential-schools-in-canada-1.702280 Historica Canada. (2015, December 31). Residential Schools in Canada: Education Guide. Retrieved from http://education.historicacanada.ca/files/103/ResidentialSchools_Printable_Pages.pdf Kennedy, Mark. (2015, December 14). Residential schools to blame for problems plaguing aboriginals: Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Retrieved from http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/residential-schools-to-blame-for-problems-plaguing-aboriginals-truth-and-reconciliation-commission Marshall, Tabitha (2016, September 29). Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement. Retrieved from http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indian-residential-schools-settlement-agreement/ Rice, Joanna. (2011, March). Indian Residential School Truth and Reconciliation Commision of Canada. Retrieved from https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/indian-residential-school-truth-and-reconciliation Taylor, Adam. (2015, June 5). Did Canada commit a cultural genocide?. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/06/05/did-canada-commit-a-cultural-genocide/?utm_term=.90bc697961bf The Critical Thinking Consortium (2015, December 31). Background to residential schools. Retrieved from https://tc2.ca/uploads/backgroundbriefs/BBResSchools.pdf

Reintroducing Bison Restores the Great Plains Ecosystem :: Environment Animals Nature Ecology Essays

Reintroducing Bison Restores the Great Plains Ecosystem Great Plains history The Great Plains offer a familiar story of overexploitation and the emergence of the need to fix the damage. Today rural areas are showing the decline of traditional agriculture and extractive land uses that have left the area barren and unproductive. Restoration projects, in particular those involving the reintroduction of the bison, give an example of bringing the native ecosystem of an area back to life. Grasslands once covered 40% of our nation, the bison once ranged over 48 of our states. Pre-settlement bison population estimates range from 30 to 70 million, after the extensive overexploitation of these animals their numbers dwindled to less than two dozen (Walters, 1996). The grasslands were a highly productive ecosystem even when the bison numbered in the millions because the two coevolved with each other adapting to conditions as well as each other. Today's cattle from the old world have replaced the bison's place in the plains degrading them while collecting the majority of the grains produced by American agriculture. Given the natural intact environment, bison thrive on their own without outside help. They are adapted to the harsh plains, "burned into the genes of bison is the speed and agility needed to outrun a prairie fire or track the greenup path of a summer thunderstorm. This is an animal shaped by millennia of natural selective pressures in the Great Plains environment, " Fox and biologist Craig Knowles wrote (Defenders). The Great Plains have suffered cycles of booms and busts since its early white settlement. The first began in 1862 with the Homestead Act. The Act gave pioneer families 160 acres of free federal land to be farmed for five years. This was the start of federally subsidized settlement that caused soil erosion and the lowering of the water table eventually leading to heavy depopulation. The next cycle began in the early 1900s with new homestead laws and larger free land incentives. This second cycle ended with the Great Depression, drought, the Dust Bowl, the abolition of homesteading, and was illustrated to us in John Steinbeck's Grapes of Wrath. The third cycle beginning in the 1940s reached its peak in the 1970s when the Department of Agriculture encouraged fence-post to fence-post cultivation. By the mid 1980s the bust phase set in and is still continuing (Popper, 1994). The Buffalo Commons The Buffalo Commons is a phrase that was coined by Deborah E.

Living Life to It’s Fullest

â€Å"Begin at once to live and count each separate day as a separate life. † At times, it’s seemed as though life contains an endless supply of days. When I was younger, I thought this for sure. It didn’t matter how long I held a grudge, or how long I waited to do something I wanted—there would be an unlimited pool of other opportunities. At least that’s what I thought back then. Maybe it’s a rite of passage from childhood to adulthood: the moment when you realize life happens now, and that’s all you’re guaranteed. It doesn’t really hit you when you merely know it intellectually, like you know your ABCs, state capitals, and other concrete facts.It hits you when somehow you feel it. Your health declines. You lose someone you love. A tragedy rocks your world. It isn’t until you realize that all life fades that you consider now a commodity and a scarce one at that. But maybe that’s irrelevant. Maybe living a m eaningful, passionate life has nothing to do with its length and everything to do with its width. So, i have created this list with a few tips to live life to it's fullest!!! 1. Live in the moment. Forget the past and don’t concern yourself with the future. 2. Fully embrace the now, no matter what the situation. 3. Do the things you love. 4.Learn to forgive and embrace unconditional love. 5. Live every day as if it’s your last, embracing each experience as if it’s your first. 6. Believe in â€Å"live and let live. † 7. Use quiet reflection, honesty, and laughter. 8. Be other-centered. 9. Find calm in making art. 10. Focus on today and how you can do your best to live it to the fullest. 11. Participate in life instead of just watching it pass you by. 12. Stay healthy, eat right and most importantly, be kind to all. 13. Pray, forgive yourself, appreciate others, listen to your gut, do things you enjoy, and remind yourself that we are all loved and connected . Sandra Lumb) 14. Don’t sweat the small stuff. 15. Question everything, keep it simple, and help whenever and however you can. 16. Try to enjoy every minute of every day. 17. Appreciate life’s every second. 18. Step through new doors. The majority of the time there’s something fantastic on the other side. 19. Remember that all is a gift, but the most precious of all gifts is life and love. 20. Keep your spirit free, be flexible, let go. 21. â€Å"Do one thing every day that scares you. † 22. Don’t attach to outcomes. 23. Spend as much time with a two year old as possible. 4. Enjoy each and every moment of life. Every day is a new challenge and opportunity to discover something new. 25. Budget travel. It is always an adventure! You get to enjoy what fate has to offer with limited means. 26. Be honestly thankful for every breath you take. 27. Just be. 28. â€Å"Trust yourself. Trust your own strengths. † 29. Pause momentarily before everythin g you do so that you notice everything you should or could notice. (Scott Hutchinson) 30. Follow your hopes and not your fears. What have you done today to live life to the fullest?

Why did the Tsarist regime collapse in 1917 Essay Example

Why did the Tsarist regime collapse in 1917 Essay Example Why did the Tsarist regime collapse in 1917 Paper Why did the Tsarist regime collapse in 1917 Paper Essay Topic: History In order to analyse how and why the Russian monarchy based government collapsed in 1917, it is essential to look at the factors that undermined the regimes authority and power base. These factors, which this essay will look into, can broadly be divided into long and short-term factors. I will discuss the long-term factors firstly and then draw attention to the shorter term and immediate issues. The system of government that the tsar employed was an autocratic one, that is, one in which the reliance of rule is placed on one person. This system was looking increasingly outdated in the early twentieth century, as many of the European states, most notably Britain and France had long since abandoned their monarchs as sole despots. The growth of industry and the new social classes created by new economic conditions increased the gap between those who had money and power and those who had not. The demand for parliamentary democracy was growing from the enlarged middle classes and educated liberals. The personality of the incumbent Tsar, Nicholas undermined the future of a tsarist Russia. A problem with a hereditary system of power wielding is that power is forced upon and individual regardless of ability or will to perform the tasks presented. Nicholas was weak, hesitant and reactionary. He also found himself in a position where outsiders such as Rasputin could heavily influence Tsarist policies and decisions. The industrialisation of Russia, although not as comprehensive or widespread as that process in other European countries, still caused appalling working and living conditions for the working classes, or the proletariat as Marx called them. With no political voice to air their grievances, the lower social classes were increasingly hostile to the antiquated system of government. The increased growth of organised opposition to the Tsar weakened his hold on the reins of power further by creating a stronger voice for sections of society opposed to the monarchy, in particular in the cities and industrial areas. Certain short-term factors, such as the impact of the First World War on Russian society also helped lead to the demise of the Tsar. Despite causing an initial feeling of patriotism in Russia, as had happened in most other countries, the war caused immense economic and social difficulties that the regime found it immensely difficult to survive with. Food shortages, spiralling inflation and difficulties supplying the vast military machine of the Russian Empire created difficulties for Nicholas and his ministers. The experience of ordinary Russian peasants of the war; on the battlefield and on farms and in factories caused unrest and helped make them more receptive to radical political ideas and messages being advocated by certain groups such as the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. The lack of scrutiny and opposition had caused the administration to become ineffective and bureaucratic and it founded it increasingly hard to operate with a significant degree of efficiency, which was essential in the wartime situation faced between 1914-17. Demonstration and unrest in the major cities, especially in the capital Petrograd were fairly commonplace as the war dragged on. These protests were more spontaneous than organised, yet this shows the significant expression of political sentiment of an uniformed and uneducated population. The armed forces, along with the population were also becoming disillusioned with the Tsar due to the series of military failures and empathy for the plight of the demonstrators. Because of this, many units supported the protests and refused to take action against them. The decision of Nicholas to abdicate and the lack of any replacement within his family finally caused the Tsarist administration to fold. Contrary to popular myth, it was not in fact soley the February revolution which had caused the regime to collapse, but it was in fact an amalgamation of factors, of which the impact of the war was most probably the most significant. Many historians believe that the regime would have collapsed when it did even if the revolution had not occurred or had been delayed. The lack of support from aristocrats in his government and irritated army generals made his ability to deal with the problems he faced in 1917 extremely impaired. By stripping the Tsar of his power base in the form of his cronies in the government and the army, he simply couldnt survive very long at all.