Key Goals Of The Millennium Development Goals - 1403 Words

Significance As the period for reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) comes to a close, assessing not only the goals that have been met, but also the reasons behind why some goals were not reached is of utmost importance for moving forward in development. MDG 1 aimed to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, with the target to halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger and reduce the prevalence of malnutrition, between 1990-2015. Nutritional state during childhood is important because proper nutrition has been correlated with higher cognitive performance in school and greater success in the labor market as an adult, compared to those who were undernourished.1 Additionally, female children who are undernourished later have higher maternal mortality rates and are more likely to give birth to low-birth weight infants, continuing the cycle of poverty and undernutrition.1 Moderate malnutrition in children also increases their risk of mortality and can lead to severe malnutrition, which can be life-threatening. Poor nutrition is directly or indirectly attributed to 52.5-60% of deaths among children under 5.1,2 Malnutrition, then, can also be seen as an indicator of MDG 4, reducing child mortality. The World Health Organization recommends the countries place the management of moderate malnutrition as a public health priority.3 Potential determinants†¦ what other research says This study aimed to define and quantify the determinants of malnutrition amongShow MoreRelatedIs The Best Method For Development Sustainable Development Goals?1490 Words   |  6 Pagespaper pertains to the notion that the best method for development is to set clear, measurable goals such as the Millennium Development Goals. In particular, I will first discuss the arguments supporting and questioning this assertion from a number of authors. I will then consider the question of whether or not this model should be replicated for the next generation of efforts, which are starting to become known as the Sustainable Development Goals. Overall, I will argue that, while it is true that thereRead MoreIs The Best Method For Development Sustainable Development Goals?855 Words   |  4 Pagespaper pertains to the notion that the best method for development is to set clear, measurable goals such as the Millennium Development Goals. In part icular, I will first discuss the arguments supporting and questioning this assertion from a number of authors. I will then consider the question of whether or not this model should be replicated for the next generation of efforts, which are starting to become known as the Sustainable Development Goals. Overall, I will argue that, while it is true that thereRead MoreIndicators of of Progress and Development950 Words   |  4 Pagesprosperity were accepted as key indicators of progress and development till the first half of the twentieth century. This was a preoccupation of classical economists. But in present century there is a great conflict, which relates development with equality, growth without equitable distribution and prosperity alongside rising gender inequalities. None of which are natural but rather influenced by social and cultural factors. There is need to broaden the concept of development to encompass the overallRead MoreEssay on Childrens Health: The Key to the Future 1706 Words   |  7 PagesChildrens Health: The Key to the Future As human beings living together on the same planet, all countries have a global responsibility to be concerned with the health and safety of its inhabitants. Throughout history, many nations have faced domestic or international turmoil with economical and political crises that have led to poor health outcomes. Some developing regions of the world have faced greater disease process and higher mortality rates than economically more stable countries. In responseRead MoreNursing and Millennium Goals1307 Words   |  5 PagesNursing and Millennium Goals This paper looks at UN millennium development goals focus being on the fifth millennium development goal which is improvement of maternal health. This goal is divided into two parts the first part deals with reduction of maternal mortality and the second the second part deals with universal access to reproductive health. The paper elaborates on the importance of improvement of maternal health to the nation. It further highlights on the importance of this goal in theRead MoreThe Success of Millennium Development Goals Essay1214 Words   |  5 Pagesstart of the new millennium, the UNO took a very positive initiative in setting a target year in which eight of the world’s most critical problems had to be resolved. The Millennium Summit as it was named was focused on making sure that the world becomes a better place to live in where some of the global problems are eradicated by the countries helping each other. The summit set forth eight goals which were to be achieved by 2015 and named them as the Millennium Development Goals. This was a veryRead MoreDevelopment Of Global Partnership Goals750 Words   |  3 PagesIn September 2000, representative states of the United Nations implemented the Millennium Declaration at a meeting of the General Assembly. This Declaration consisted of a set of devel opment goals that reflect the need to eliminate poverty and support human development through the world. These goals have been named as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). These goals are then broken down into eight categories: eradication of poverty and hunger, realization of universal primary education, promotionRead MoreThe Millennium Development Goals ( Mdgs ) Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesThe Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were established in 2000 to determine, focus on and put into action steps that will fight eight key areas to help underdeveloped countries. The eight targeted areas which are poverty, education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, disease, the environment and global partnership place attention on areas that will help the improvement and betterment of underdeveloped countries. MDGs goals and objectives are clear and concise with a developmentRead MoreThe Millennium Development Goals ( Mdgs )1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were established in 2000 to determine, focus on and put into action steps that will fight eight key areas to help underdeveloped countries. The eight targeted areas which are poverty, education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, disease, the environment and global partnership place attention on areas that will help the improvement and betterment of underdeveloped countries. MDG goals and objectives are clear and concise with a developmentRead MoreCombat HIV / AIDS And Sub-Saharan Africa1363 Words   |  6 Pagesachieve, with numbers remaining fairly similar over the last couple of decades and growth as small as 2 percent in poorer regions such as sub-Saharan Africa (The Millennium, 2015). For a developed nation, the idea of giving birth to a child without a skilled physician nearby monitoring the situation, or clinician of some degree not assisting with the birthing process is unfathomable. Yet, this is a reality in many developing nations across the world, especially the rural communities such as those

Ethnic Culture and Culture of Poverty the Gypsy/Roma Essay

Peter Szuhay asked in Constructing a Gypsy National Culture whether the Gypsies are an ethnic culture or a culture of poverty. I would like to argue that the Gypsy identity is a product of traditional ethnic culture as well as the product of a marginalized social stratum. There are many aspects of gypsy ethnic culture to which can be contributed to the result of marginalization and sometimes those same ethnic cultural traits become stereotypes to which society justifies their stigmatization and poverty. Thus emerges a pattern of both ethnic and social traits being interdependent, intertwined and self-perpetuated. The intersection of the two conflicting cultures can be seen in the following statement made by many and is commonly†¦show more content†¦Often Romany families who are poor will avoid the schools, and if they do send the children to school they have trouble going regularly as well as being socially accepted by the teacher and his classmates. (Sigler 7) A majori ty of these children are not able to advance further in their education because they fail to neither pass biased exams nor be fluent enough in the language of the state. Thus they are either held back or send to a special school and later end up at a trade school. In this case, the distinct language that distinguishes their ethnic culture also serves as a handicap to the children, perpetuating their social immobility and continues to stigmatize into a culture of poverty. In Miriam Lee Kaprows study of the Gitanos in Spain she found that the only cultural characteristic to which she can distinguish a Gypsy from a local is through something she call the essence of the Gypsy. This essence is their flair and the sheer energy with which they embarked on everything. (Willems 5) Agnes Daroczi describes the Gypsies knack for living from day to day and value of feeling good is the same characterization for an ideal ethnic cultural trait that is unique and shared among the diverse Gypsy communities all across EuropeShow MoreRelatedGypsies : A Orthodox Christian And Muslim1520 Words   |  7 Pageslikely thinking about the image of a Gypsy. Gypsies live a way of life that is not common to the regular masses. The loud music, partying through the nights, and moving whole families across countries at the blink of an eye is not a common practice for the average human, unless the human is a Gypsies. This ethnic group is thought to have originated from India and wa s considered travelers of the world, practicing a religion of sorts called Paganism. When a Gypsy family would move to another area inRead MoreThe History and Circumstances of the People from Rome Essay807 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roma people of Europe have descended from India about 1,000 years ago and arrived in the European Union in the 14th Century .The history and circumstances of the Roma population today is influenced due to the ideas that surround migration and nomadism. The Roma have been associated with â€Å"nomadism† because some Roma groups are still wandering groups predominantly in Romania (Cahn Guild, 2010). The Roma are the biggest ethnic minority in the European Union and it is estimated that there areRead MoreThe Lifestyle Of Romanian Gypsies As An Indigenous Group1144 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand the lifestyle of Romanian Gypsies as an indigenous group, this paper will provide insight toward their distinctive subculture, survival means, ability to w ithstand racial discrimination and unethical living conditions. Historically, Gypsies have been mistreated and isolated within various cultural settings. Their societies have a terrible reputation for theft, begging and lack of schooling, causing a divide amongst the population. Remaining far below the poverty line, these individuals do whateverRead MoreThe Gypsy: Travelers by Choice or Force554 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"The Gypsy has three truths; one with me, one with you, and the third with himself† a Ukrainian saying about the Gypsy life style. Portrayed for centuries as a lying, thieving and sinning group the gypsy have been discriminated against by most nations. Gypsy have endured slavery, being burned at the stake, being sent to concentration camps and being forced migration to start the list of terrors the group have endured. Most cities and nations do not treat Gypsies as equals and have a history of sufferingRead MoreEssay on Discrimination Against the Gypsies435 2 Words   |  18 Pagesone of the victories of human spirit over the blows of fate. Today the Roms revive their culture and are looking for their identity. On the other hand, they integrate into the societies in which they live. If they are understood by their fellow citizens in their new homelands, their culture will enrich the societys atmosphere with the color and charm of spontaneity (Ghandi). The word Gypsy is used to describe a particular nomadic group of people who originated in Northern IndiaRead MoreGypsies in the Czech Republic Essay2615 Words   |  11 PagesGypsies in the Czech Republic The Gypsies of the former Czechoslovakia have suffered ethnic marginalization dating back to their arrival in Eastern Europe over 700 years ago. The collapse of communism in Czechoslovakia, and other Eastern Europe countries created the necessary conditions for the ethnic mobilization of the Gypsies and other minorities. During communism minorities presence in Eastern Europe was not officially recognized. The transition from the socialist system to democracyRead MoreThe Roma People, A Peripatetic And Indigenously Indo European Ethnic Group962 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roma people, a peripatetic and indigenously Indo-European ethnic group, are one of the European continent’s largest and most systematically stigmatized minorities. EU member countries and officials have repressed their culture for centuries and insulated migrants into failing schools, communal city tenements, and disproportionate housing restrictions. The pervading anti-Roma rhetoric in Europe has gone so far a s to elicit violence; leading to an unprecedented spike in ethnically motivated hateRead MoreBorn in 1951 in a Romanian home, Stefan Balcescu’s early life was spent in and around the Atlanta2000 Words   |  8 Pageswhen I lived in Atlanta and after knowing him for quite some time, his music truly enthralled me. Stefan’s father is Romanian and his mother is Romanian Romani, (gypsy ancestry). Stefan works as a middle school history teacher, but in his spare time he is playing gigs and creating a collation of traditional Eastern European and Roma gypsy music from his native Romania. I recently had the chance to speak to with Stefan to discuss the political and social conditions within his life that produced thisRead MoreRoma And Non Roma People2421 Words   |  10 PagesRomani People commonly known as Roma, Gypsies or Travelers account for around 11 million people scattered across Europe today, mostly in the Eastern European states. They have been persecuted and discri minated against due to large cultural differences since their arrival to Europe. The post-1989 transition from communism in Eastern Europe created a huge ethnic underclass of Roma who by many measures such as political, social, and economic, have the lowest status of any ethnic group in Eastern Europe. ThisRead MoreAnalysis Of Concepts Of Health, Disability, Illness And Behavior3120 Words   |  13 Pagesof Travellers and Gypsies and how it has changed over time 1.3 Analysis of legislation, society and culture made available by services for Travellers and Gypsies LO2 2.1 Analysis of the care needs of Travellers and Gypsies 2.2 Explanation of current systems for supporting Travellers and Gypsies 2.3 Evaluation of services available locally for Travellers and Gypsies LO3 3.1 Explanation of the approaches and interventions available, to support Travellers and Gypsies 3.2 Evaluation

Outline and Evaluate One Theory of Attachment Free Essays

Outline and evaluate one theory of attachment (12 marks) Bowlby’s theory is an evolutionary theory because, in his view attachment is a behavioural system that has evolved because of its survival value and, ultimately, its reproductive value. According to Bowlby, children have an innate drive to become attached to a caregiver because attachment has long-term benefits. Both attachment and imprinting ensure that a young animal stays close to a caregiver who will feed and protect the young animal. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Evaluate One Theory of Attachment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus attachment and imprinting are adaptive behaviours. Infants who do not become attached are less likely to survive and reproduce. Attachment ‘genes’ are perpetuated, and infants are born with an innate drive to become attached. Since attachment is innate, there is likely to be a limited window for its development i. e. a critical or sensitive period. Development of all biological systems takes place most rapidly and easily during a critical period. Bowlby applied the concept of a sensitive period to attachment. He suggested that the second quarter of the first year is when infants are most sensitive to the development of attachments. The drive to provide caregiving is also innate because it is adaptive (i. e. enhances survival of one’s offspring). Infants are born with certain characteristics, called social releasers, which elicit caregiving. The social releasers include smiling and crying. Another social releaser is a baby’s face. Attachment is the innate behavioural system in babies; caregiving is the response in adults. Both provide protection and thereby enhance survival. The formation of attachments depends on the interaction of these systems. Attachment is important for protection, and thus acts as a secure base from which a child can explore the world and a safe haven to return to when threatened. Thus attachment fosters independence. Bowlby also believed that infants form a number of attachments but one of these has special importance. The bias towards on individual, the primary attachment, is called monotropy. Infants also have other secondary attachment figures that form a hierarchy of attachments. The one special attachment is most usually an infant’s mother. Bowlby believe that sensitive responsiveness was the key – an infant become most strongly attached to the person who responds most sensitively to the infant’s social releasers (the ‘sensitivity’ hypothesis). This person become the infants primary attachment figure, providing the main foundation for emotional development, self-esteem and later relationships with peers, lovers and one’s own children. Attachment starts as the relationship between a caregiver and infant. This relationship may be one of trust or of uncertainty and inconsistency, and creates expectations about what all relationships will be like. Gradually the infant develops a model about emotional relationships: Bowlby called this an internal working model. This model is a cluster of concepts about relationships and what to expect from others – about whether relationships involve consistent or inconsistent love, whether others make you feel good or anxious, and so on. The internal working model means there is consistency between early emotional experiences and later relationships. This leads to the continuity hypothesis – the view that there is a link between the early attachment relationship and later emotional behaviour; individuals who are securely attached in infancy continue to be socially and emotionally competent, whereas insecurely attached children have more social and emotional difficulties late in childhood and adulthood. The research by Lorenz supports the view that imprinting is innate because the goslings imprinted on the first moving object they saw. A similar process is likely to have evolved in many species as a mechanism to protect young animals and enhance the likelihood of their survival. If attachments fail to develop, the conclusion from research appears to be that once the sensitive period has passed it is difficult to form attachments. For example, Hodges and Tizard found that children who had formed no attachments had later difficulties with peers. If attachment did evolve, as Bowlby suggests, to provide an important biological function, then we would expect attachment and care giving behaviours to be universal i. e. found in all cultures. Tronick et al. (1992) studied an African tribe, the Efe, from Zaire, who live in extended family groups. The infants are looked after and even breastfed by different women but usually sleep with their own mother at night. Despite such differences in childrearing practices the infants, at six months, still showed one primary attachment. This supports the view that attachment and caregiving are universal and not influenced by different cultural practices. Many psychologists have criticised Bowlby’s ideas regarding montropy and argued that the babies’ attachment to the first attachment figure is not necessarily special or unique. Schaffer and Emerson’s longitudinal study of 60 Glasgow babies found that multiple attachments seemed to be the norm for babies rather than the exception – at the age of 18 months 87% of babies had multiple attachments. Schaffer and Emerson also found that the strongest bond was not necessarily to the mother as Bowlby had implied. At 18 moths, only half of the samples were strongly attached to their mothers and about a third were strongly attached to their fathers. Bowlby’s ideas about the importance of attachments have produced substantial amount of research. Most evidence suggests that early attachment experiences can have an influenced on later adult relationships. However, it is important not to overestimate this influence and to consider other factors such as later life events, which influence adult relationships. Bowlby’s idea regarding monotropy has been challenged and evidence supports the view that multiple attachments may be the rule rather than single and unique attachments. How to cite Outline and Evaluate One Theory of Attachment, Essay examples

Swot Analysis of Mcdonalds free essay sample

Strong brand name, image and reputation McDonalds has built up huge brand equity. It is the No. 1 fast food company by sales, with more than 31,000 restaurants serving burgers and fries in almost 120 countries. The image of McDonalds is recognized everywhere. This brand is in top ten of the most powerful brand names in the world with Coca-Cola, Nokia or GM. Large market share McDonalds is considered as the largest player in size and global reach. When Wendy’s or Burgers King are losing market share in 2006, McDonalds still increases its market share. Market share of McDonalds in the recent time is about 19% while Yum! Brands is 9% and both Wendy’s and Burger King is 2%. Specialized training for managers McDonalds is very serious on training managers. This company has its own program to train managers the most professionally, which is called Hamburger University. As a result, McDonalds has many good managers who can help company development well. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis of Mcdonalds or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page McDonalds Plan to Win McDonalds customer – focused Plan to Win provide a common framework for its global business yet allows for local adaptation. Through the execution of initiatives surrounding the five elements of its Plan to Win – People, Products, Place, Price and Promotion – McDonalds has enhanced the restaurant experience for customers worldwide and grown comparable sales and customer visits in each of the last eight years. This Plan, combined with financial discipline, has delivered strong results for company’s shareholders. Introduction of new production McDonalds is considered the first one enter to fast food industry. It initiates to other brand to enter this industry. As a result, when think about fast food, customers always remember McDonalds first. In fact, in some big countries, especially in US, McDonalds is the first choice of a large number of customers. Technology Innovative: McDonald’s is keeping at the forefront of technology around the globe. For example, In Brazil McDonald’s is currently studying the installation of Internet access terminals in some outlets as well as enabling customers to order online. This will create a more efficient process that will reduce the amount of lag time between a customer’s orders and pick up of the order. Good marketing strategies: No matter the continent, children and adults know the face of Ronald McDonald is synonymous with the colossus restaurant chain. This results in wonderful marketing strategies among management which conducts a very thorough market analysis, resulting in much success around the globe.